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29 \page porting4-designer.html
30 \title Porting UI Files to Qt 4
31 \contentspage {Porting Guides}{Contents}
32 \previouspage Porting to Qt 4 - Drag and Drop
33 \nextpage Porting to Graphics View
35 \brief Information about changes to the UI file format in Qt 4.
37 Qt Designer has changed significantly in the Qt 4 release. We
38 have moved away from viewing Qt Designer as an IDE and
39 concentrated on creating a robust form builder which can be
40 extended and embedded in existing IDEs. Our efforts are ongoing
41 and include the \l{Visual Studio Integration},
42 as well as integrating Designer with KDevelop and possibly other
45 The most important changes in Qt Designer 4 which affect porting
46 for UI files are summarized below:
49 \o \bold{Removed project manager.}
50 Qt Designer now only reads and edits UI
51 files. It has no notion of a project file (\c .pro).
53 \o \bold{Removed code editor.}
54 Qt Designer can no longer be used to edit source files.
56 \o \bold{Changed format of UI files.}
57 Qt Designer 4 cannot read files created by Qt Designer 3 and
58 vice versa. However, we provide the tool \c uic3 to generate Qt
59 4 code out of Qt 3 UI files, and to convert old UI files
60 into a format readable by Qt Designer 4.
62 \o \bold{Changed structure of the code generated by \c uic.}
63 The \c myform.ui file containing the form \c MyForm is now
64 converted into a single header file \c ui_myform.h, which
65 contains the declaration and inline definition of a POD class
68 \o \bold{New resource file system.} Icon data is no longer
69 stored in the UI file. Instead, icons are put into resource
73 The rest of this document explains how to deal with the main
74 differences between Qt Designer 3 and Qt Designer 4:
78 See \l{Porting to Qt 4} and \l{qt3to4 - The Qt 3 to 4 Porting
79 Tool} for more information about porting from Qt 3 to Qt 4. See
80 also the \l{Qt Designer Manual}.
84 In Qt 3, \c uic generated a header file and an implementation for
85 a class, which inherited from one of Qt's widgets. To use the
86 form, the programmer included the generated sources into the
87 application and created an instance of the class.
89 In Qt 4, \c uic creates a header file containing a POD class. The
90 name of this class is the object name of the main container,
91 qualified with the \c Ui namespace (e.g., \c Ui::MyForm). The
92 class is implemented using inline functions, removing the need of
93 a separate \c .cpp file. Just as in Qt 3, this class contains
94 pointers to all the widgets inside the form as public members. In
95 addition, the generated class provides the public method \c
98 The class generated by \c uic is not a QWidget; in fact, it's not
99 even a QObject. Instead, it is a class which knows how to
100 populate an instance of a main container with the contents of the
101 form. The programmer creates the main container himself, then
102 passes it to \c setupUi().
104 For example, here's the \c uic output for a simple \c
105 helloworld.ui form (some details were removed for simplicity):
107 \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_porting4-designer.cpp 0
109 In this case, the main container was specified to be a QWidget
110 (or any subclass of QWidget). Had we started with a QMainWindow
111 template in Qt Designer, \c setupUi()'s parameter would be of
114 There are two ways to create an instance of our form. One
115 approach is to create an instance of the \c Ui::HelloWorld class,
116 an instance of the main container (a plain QWidget), and call \c
119 \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_porting4-designer.cpp 1
121 The second approach is to inherit from both the \c Ui::HelloWorld
122 class and the main container, and to call \c setupUi() in the
123 constructor of the subclass. In that case, QWidget (or one of
124 its subclasses, e.g. QDialog) must appear first in the base class
125 list so that \l{moc} picks it up correctly. For example:
127 \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_porting4-designer.cpp 2
129 This second method is useful when porting Qt 3 forms to Qt 4. \c
130 HelloWorldWidget is a class whose instance is the actual form
131 and which contains public pointers to all the widgets in it. It
132 therefore has an interface identical to that of a class generated
135 Creating POD classes from UI files is more flexible and
136 generic than the old approach of creating widgets. Qt Designer
137 does not need to know anything about the main container apart from
138 the base widget class it inherits. Indeed, \c Ui::HelloWorld can
139 be used to populate any container that inherits QWidget.
140 Conversely, all non-GUI aspects of the main container may be
141 implemented by the programmer in the application's sources
142 without reference to the form.
144 \section1 Working with uic3
146 Qt 4 comes with the tool \c uic3 for working with old \c .ui
147 files. It can be used in two ways:
150 \o To generate headers and source code for a widget to implement any
151 custom signals and slots added using Qt Designer 3.
152 \o To generate a new UI file that can be used with Qt Designer 4.
155 You can use both these methods in combination to obtain UI, header
156 and source files that you can use as a starting point when porting
157 your user interface to Qt 4.
159 The first method generates a Qt 3 style header and implementation
160 which uses Qt 4 widgets (this includes the Qt 3 compatibility classes
161 present in the Qt3Support library). This process should be familiar to
162 anyone used to working with Qt Designer 3:
164 \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_porting4-designer.qdoc 3
166 The resulting files \c myform.h and \c myform.cpp implement the
167 form in Qt 4 using a QWidget that will include custom signals,
168 slots and connections specified in the UI file. However,
169 see below for the \l{#Limitations of uic3}{limitations} of this
172 The second method is to use \c uic3 to convert a Qt Designer 3 \c .ui
173 file to the Qt Designer 4 format:
175 \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_porting4-designer.qdoc 4
177 The resulting file \c myform4.ui can be edited in Qt Designer 4. The
178 header file for the form is generated by Qt 4's \c uic. See the
179 \l{Using a Designer UI File in Your Application} chapter of the
180 \l{Qt Designer Manual} for information about the preferred ways to
181 use forms created with Qt Designer 4.
183 \c uic3 tries very hard to map Qt 3 classes and their properties to
184 Qt 4. However, the behavior of some classes changed significantly
185 in Qt 4. To keep the form working, some Qt 3 classes are mapped
186 to classes in the Qt3Support library. Table 1 shows a list of
187 classes this applies to.
190 \header \o Qt 3 class \o Qt 4 class
191 \row \o \c QButtonGroup \o Q3ButtonGroup
192 \row \o \c QDateEdit \o Q3DateEdit
193 \row \o \c QDateTimeEdit \o Q3DateTimeEdit
194 \row \o \c QGroupBox \o Q3GroupBox
195 \row \o \c QListBox \o Q3ListBox
196 \row \o \c QListView \o Q3ListView
197 \row \o \c QMainWindow \o Q3MainWindow
198 \row \o \c QTextEdit \o Q3TextEdit
199 \row \o \c QTextView \o Q3TextView
200 \row \o \c QTimeEdit \o Q3TimeEdit
201 \row \o \c QWidgetStack \o Q3WidgetStack
202 \row \o \c QWizard \o Q3Wizard
205 \section1 Limitations of uic3
207 Converting Qt 3 UI files to Qt 4 has some limitations. The
208 most noticeable limitation is the fact that since \c uic no
209 longer generates a QObject, it's not possible to define custom
210 signals or slots for the form. Instead, the programmer must
211 define these signals and slots in the main container and connect
212 them to the widgets in the form after calling \c setupUi(). For
215 \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_porting4-designer.cpp 5
217 A quick and dirty way to port forms containing custom signals and
218 slots is to generate the code using \c uic3, rather than \c uic. Since
219 \c uic3 does generate a QWidget, it will populate it with custom
220 signals, slots and connections specified in the UI file.
221 However, \c uic3 can only generate code from Qt 3 UI files, which
222 implies that the UI files never get translated and need to be
223 edited using Qt Designer 3.
225 Note also that it is possible to create implicit connections
226 between the widgets in a form and the main container. After \c
227 setupUi() populates the main container with child widgets it
228 scans the main container's list of slots for names with the form
229 \tt{on_\e{objectName}_\e{signalName}().}
231 If the form contains a widget whose object name is
232 \tt{\e{objectName}}, and if that widget has a signal called
233 \tt{\e{signalName}}, then this signal will be connected to the
234 main container's slot. For example:
236 \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_porting4-designer.cpp 6
238 Because of the naming convention, \c setupUi() automatically
239 connects \c pushButton's \c clicked() signal to \c
240 HelloWorldWidget's \c on_pushButton_clicked() slot.
244 In Qt 3, the binary data for the icons used by a form was stored
245 in the UI file. In Qt 4 icons and any other external files
246 can be compiled into the application by listing them in a \l{The
247 Qt Resource System}{resource file} (\c .qrc). This file is
248 translated into a C++ source file using Qt's resource compiler
249 (\c rcc). The data in the files is then available to any Qt class
250 which takes a file name argument.
252 Imagine that we have two icons, \c yes.png and \c no.png. We
253 create a resource file called \c icons.qrc with the following
256 \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_porting4-designer.qdoc 7
258 Next, we add the resource file to our \c .pro file:
260 \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_porting4-designer.pro 8
262 When \c qmake is run, it will create the appropriate Makefile
263 rules to call \c rcc on the resource file, and compile and link
264 the result into the application. The icons may be accessed as
267 \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_porting4-designer.cpp 9
269 In each case, the leading colon tells Qt to look for the file in
270 the virtual file tree defined by the set of resource files
271 compiled into the application instead of the file system.
273 In the \c .qrc file, the \c qresource tag's \c prefix attribute
274 is used to arrange the files into categories and set a virtual
275 path where the files will be accessed.
277 Caveat: If the resource file was not linked directly into the
278 application, but instead into a dynamic or static library that
279 was later linked with the application, its virtual file tree will
280 not be available to QFile and friends until the Q_INIT_RESOURCE()
281 macro is called. This macro takes one argument, which is the name
282 of the \c .qrc file, without the path or the file extension. A
283 convenient place to initialize resources is at the top of the
284 application's \c main() function.
286 In Qt Designer 4, we can associate any number of resource files
287 with a form using the resource editor tool. The widgets in the
288 form can access all icons specified in its associated resource
291 In short, porting of icons from a Qt 3 to a Qt 4 form involves
295 \o Use \c{uic3 -convert} to obtain a UI file understood by
298 \o Create a \c .qrc file with a list of all the icon files.
300 \o Add the resource file to the \c .pro file.
302 \o Open the form in Qt Designer 4 and add the resource file to the
303 form's resource editor.
305 \o Set the icon properties for the appropriate widgets.
308 \section1 Custom Widgets
310 Qt Designer 3 supported defining custom widgets by specifying
311 their name, header file and methods. In Qt Designer 4, a custom
312 widget is always created by "promoting" an existing Qt widget to
313 a custom class. Qt Designer 4 assumes that the custom widget will
314 inherit from the widget that has been promoted. In the form
315 editor, the custom widget will retain the looks, behavior,
316 properties, signals and slots of the base widget. It is not
317 currently possible to tell Qt Designer 4 that the custom widget
318 will have additional signals or slots.
320 \c{uic3 -convert} handles the conversion of custom widgets to the
321 new \c .ui format, however all custom signals and slots are lost.
322 Furthermore, since Qt Designer 3 never knew the base widget class
323 of a custom widget, it is taken to be QWidget. This is often
324 sufficient. If not, the custom widgets have to be inserted
325 manually into the form.
327 Custom widget plugins, which contain custom widgets to be used in
328 Qt Designer, must themselves be ported before they can be used in
329 forms ported with \c{uic3}.
330 The \l{Porting to Qt 4} document contains information about general
331 porting issues that may apply to the custom widget code itself, and
332 the \l{Creating Custom Widgets for Qt Designer} chapter of the
333 \l{Qt Designer Manual} describes how the ported widget should be
334 built in order to work in Qt Designer 4.