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29 \example animation/stickman
30 \title Stickman Example
32 \brief The Stickman example shows how to animate transitions in a state machine to implement key frame
35 \image stickman-example.png
37 In this example, we will write a small application which animates the joints in a skeleton and
38 projects a stickman figure on top. The stickman can be either "alive" or "dead", and when in the
39 "alive" state, he can be performing different actions defined by key frame animations.
41 Animations are implemented as composite states. Each child state of the animation state
42 represents a frame in the animation by setting the position of each joint in the stickman's
43 skeleton to the positions defined for the particular frame. The frames are then bound together
44 with animated transitions that trigger on the source state's propertiesAssigned() signal. Thus,
45 the machine will enter the state representing the next frame in the animation immediately after
46 it has finished animating into the previous frame.
48 \image stickman-example1.png
50 The states for an animation is constructed by reading a custom animation file format and
51 creating states that assign values to the the "position" properties of each of the nodes in the
54 \snippet examples/animation/stickman/lifecycle.cpp 1
56 The states are then bound together with signal transitions that listen to the
57 propertiesAssigned() signal.
59 \snippet examples/animation/stickman/lifecycle.cpp 2
61 The last frame state is given a transition to the first one, so that the animation will loop
62 until it is interrupted when a transition out from the animation state is taken. To get smooth
63 animations between the different key frames, we set a default animation on the state machine.
64 This is a parallel animation group which contains animations for all the "position" properties
65 and will be selected by default when taking any transition that leads into a state that assigns
66 values to these properties.
68 \snippet examples/animation/stickman/lifecycle.cpp 3
70 Several such animation states are constructed, and are placed together as children of a top
71 level "alive" state which represents the stickman life cycle. Transitions go from the parent
72 state to the child state to ensure that each of the child states inherit them.
74 \image stickman-example2.png
76 This saves us the effort of connect every state to every state with identical transitions. The
77 state machine makes sure that transitions between the key frame animations are also smooth by
78 applying the default animation when interrupting one and starting another.
80 Finally, there is a transition out from the "alive" state and into the "dead" state. This is
81 a custom transition type called LightningSrikesTransition which samples every second and
82 triggers at random (one out of fifty times on average.)
84 \snippet examples/animation/stickman/lifecycle.cpp 4
86 When it triggers, the machine will first enter a "lightningBlink" state which uses a timer to
87 pause for a brief period of time while the background color of the scene is white. This gives us
88 a flash effect when the lightning strikes.
90 \snippet examples/animation/stickman/lifecycle.cpp 5
92 We start and stop a QTimer object when entering and exiting the state. Then we transition into
93 the "dead" state when the timer times out.
95 \snippet examples/animation/stickman/lifecycle.cpp 0
97 When the machine is in the "dead" state, it will be unresponsive. This is because the "dead"
98 state has no transitions leading out.
100 \image stickman-example3.png