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29 \example itemviews/pixelator
30 \title Pixelator Example
32 \brief The Pixelator example shows how delegates can be used to customize the way that
33 items are rendered in standard item views.
35 \image pixelator-example.png
37 By default, QTreeView, QTableView, and QListView use a standard item delegate
38 to display and edit a set of common data types that are sufficient for many
39 applications. However, an application may need to represent items of data in a
40 particular way, or provide support for rendering more specialized data types,
41 and this often requires the use of a custom delegate.
43 In this example, we show how to use custom delegates to modify the appearance
44 of standard views. To do this, we implement the following components:
47 \i A model which represents each pixel in an image as an item of data, where each
48 item contains a value for the brightness of the corresponding pixel.
49 \i A custom delegate that uses the information supplied by the model to represent
50 each pixel as a black circle on a white background, where the radius of the
51 circle corresponds to the darkness of the pixel.
54 This example may be useful for developers who want to implement their own table
55 models or custom delegates. The process of creating custom delegates for editing
56 item data is covered in the \l{Spin Box Delegate Example}{Spin Box Delegate}
59 \section1 ImageModel Class Definition
61 The \c ImageModel class is defined as follows:
63 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/imagemodel.h 0
65 Since we only require a simple, read-only table model, we only need to implement
66 functions to indicate the dimensions of the image and supply data to other
69 \section1 ImageModel Class Implementation
71 The constructor is trivial:
73 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/imagemodel.cpp 0
75 The \c setImage() function sets the image that will be used by the model:
77 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/imagemodel.cpp 1
79 The QAbstractItemModel::reset() call tells the view(s) that the model
82 The \c rowCount() and \c columnCount() functions return the height and width of
83 the image respectively:
85 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/imagemodel.cpp 2
86 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/imagemodel.cpp 3
88 Since the image is a simple two-dimensional structure, the \c parent arguments
89 to these functions are unused. They both simply return the relevant size from
90 the underlying image object.
92 The \c data() function returns data for the item that corresponds to a given
93 model index in a format that is suitable for a particular role:
95 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/imagemodel.cpp 4
97 In this implementation, we only check that the model index is valid, and that
98 the role requested is the \l{Qt::ItemDataRole}{DisplayRole}. If so, the function
99 returns the grayscale value of the relevant pixel in the image; otherwise, a null
100 model index is returned.
102 This model can be used with QTableView to display the integer brightness values
103 for the pixels in the image. However, we will implement a custom delegate to
104 display this information in a more artistic way.
106 The \c headerData() function is also reimplemented:
108 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/imagemodel.cpp 5
110 We return (1, 1) as the size hint for a header item. If we
111 didn't, the headers would default to a larger size, preventing
112 us from displaying really small items (which can be specified
113 using the \gui{Pixel size} combobox).
115 \section1 PixelDelegate Class Definition
117 The \c PixelDelegate class is defined as follows:
119 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/pixeldelegate.h 0
121 This class provides only basic features for a delegate so, unlike the
122 \l{Spin Box Delegate Example}{Spin Box Delegate} example, we subclass
123 QAbstractItemDelegate instead of QItemDelegate.
125 We only need to reimplement \l{QAbstractItemDelegate::paint()}{paint()} and
126 \l{QAbstractItemDelegate::sizeHint()}{sizeHint()} in this class.
127 However, we also provide a delegate-specific \c setPixelSize() function so
128 that we can change the delegate's behavior via the signals and slots mechanism.
130 \section1 PixelDelegate Class Implementation
132 The \c PixelDelegate constructor is used to set up a default value for
133 the size of each "pixel" that it renders. The base class constructor is
134 also called to ensure that the delegate is set up with a parent object,
137 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/pixeldelegate.cpp 0
139 Each item is rendered by the delegate's
140 \l{QAbstractItemDelegate::paint()}{paint()} function. The view calls this
141 function with a ready-to-use QPainter object, style information that the
142 delegate should use to correctly draw the item, and an index to the item in
145 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/pixeldelegate.cpp 1
147 The first task the delegate has to perform is to draw the item's background
148 correctly. Usually, selected items appear differently to non-selected items,
149 so we begin by testing the state passed in the style option and filling the
150 background if necessary.
152 The radius of each circle is calculated in the following lines of code:
154 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/pixeldelegate.cpp 3
155 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/pixeldelegate.cpp 4
157 First, the largest possible radius of the circle is determined by taking the
158 smallest dimension of the style option's \c rect attribute.
159 Using the model index supplied, we obtain a value for the brightness of the
160 relevant pixel in the image. The radius of the circle is calculated by
161 scaling the brightness to fit within the item and subtracting it from the
162 largest possible radius.
164 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/pixeldelegate.cpp 5
165 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/pixeldelegate.cpp 6
166 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/pixeldelegate.cpp 7
168 We save the painter's state, turn on antialiasing (to obtain smoother
169 curves), and turn off the pen.
171 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/pixeldelegate.cpp 8
172 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/pixeldelegate.cpp 9
174 The foreground of the item (the circle representing a pixel) must be
175 rendered using an appropriate brush. For unselected items, we will use a
176 solid black brush; selected items are drawn using a predefined brush from
177 the style option's palette.
179 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/pixeldelegate.cpp 10
181 Finally, we paint the circle within the rectangle specified by the style
182 option and we call \l{QPainter::}{restore()} on the painter.
184 The \c paint() function does not have to be particularly complicated; it is
185 only necessary to ensure that the state of the painter when the function
186 returns is the same as it was when it was called. This usually
187 means that any transformations applied to the painter must be preceded by
188 a call to QPainter::save() and followed by a call to QPainter::restore().
190 The delegate's \l{QAbstractItemDelegate::}{sizeHint()} function
191 returns a size for the item based on the predefined pixel size, initially set
192 up in the constructor:
194 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/pixeldelegate.cpp 11
196 The delegate's size is updated whenever the pixel size is changed.
197 We provide a custom slot to do this:
199 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/pixeldelegate.cpp 12
201 \section1 Using The Custom Delegate
203 In this example, we use a main window to display a table of data, using the
204 custom delegate to render each cell in a particular way. Much of the
205 \c MainWindow class performs tasks that are not related to item views. Here,
206 we only quote the parts that are relevant. You can look at the rest of the
207 implementation by following the links to the code at the top of this
210 In the constructor, we set up a table view, turn off its grid, and hide its
213 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/mainwindow.cpp 0
215 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/mainwindow.cpp 1
217 This enables the items to be drawn without any gaps between them. Removing
218 the headers also prevents the user from adjusting the sizes of individual
221 We also set the minimum section size to 1 on the headers. If we
222 didn't, the headers would default to a larger size, preventing
223 us from displaying really small items (which can be specified
224 using the \gui{Pixel size} combobox).
226 The custom delegate is constructed with the main window as its parent, so
227 that it will be deleted correctly later, and we set it on the table view.
229 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/mainwindow.cpp 2
231 Each item in the table view will be rendered by the \c PixelDelegate
234 We construct a spin box to allow the user to change the size of each "pixel"
235 drawn by the delegate:
237 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/mainwindow.cpp 3
239 This spin box is connected to the custom slot we implemented in the
240 \c PixelDelegate class. This ensures that the delegate always draws each
241 pixel at the currently specified size:
243 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/mainwindow.cpp 4
245 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/mainwindow.cpp 5
247 We also connect the spin box to a slot in the \c MainWindow class. This
248 forces the view to take into account the new size hints for each item;
249 these are provided by the delegate in its \c sizeHint() function.
251 \snippet examples/itemviews/pixelator/mainwindow.cpp 6
253 We explicitly resize the columns and rows to match the
254 \gui{Pixel size} combobox.