1 /****************************************************************************
3 ** Copyright (C) 2015 The Qt Company Ltd.
4 ** Contact: http://www.qt.io/licensing/
6 ** This file is part of the documentation of the Qt Toolkit.
8 ** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:FDL$
9 ** Commercial License Usage
10 ** Licensees holding valid commercial Qt licenses may use this file in
11 ** accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the
12 ** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in
13 ** a written agreement between you and The Qt Company. For licensing terms
14 ** and conditions see http://www.qt.io/terms-conditions. For further
15 ** information use the contact form at http://www.qt.io/contact-us.
17 ** GNU Free Documentation License Usage
18 ** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Free
19 ** Documentation License version 1.3 as published by the Free Software
20 ** Foundation and appearing in the file included in the packaging of
21 ** this file. Please review the following information to ensure
22 ** the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 requirements
23 ** will be met: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html.
26 ****************************************************************************/
32 \brief The FTP example demonstrates a simple FTP client that can be used
33 to list the available files on an FTP server and download them.
35 \image ftp-example.png
37 The user of the example can enter the address or hostname of an
38 FTP server in the \gui {Ftp Server} line edit, and then push the
39 \gui Connect button to connect to it. A list of the server's
40 top-level directory is then presented in the \gui {File List} tree
41 view. If the selected item in the view is a file, the user can
42 download it by pushing the \gui Download button. An item
43 representing a directory can be double clicked with the mouse to
44 show the contents of that directory in the view.
46 The functionality required for the example is implemented in the
47 QFtp class, which provides an easy, high-level interface to the
48 file transfer protocol. FTP operations are requested through
49 \l{QFtp::Command}s. The operations are asynchronous. QFtp will
50 notify us through signals when commands are started and finished.
52 We have one class, \c FtpWindow, which sets up the GUI and handles
53 the FTP functionality. We will now go through its definition and
54 implementation - focusing on the code concerning FTP. The code for
55 managing the GUI is explained in other examples.
57 \section1 FtpWindow Class Definition
59 The \c FtpWindow class displays a window, in which the user can
60 connect to and browse the contents of an FTP server. The slots of
61 \c FtpWindow are connected to its widgets, and contain the
62 functionality for managing the FTP connection. We also connect to
63 signals in QFtp, which tells us when the
64 \l{QFtp::Command}{commands} we request are finished, the progress
65 of current commands, and information about files on the server.
67 \snippet examples/network/qftp/ftpwindow.h 0
69 We will look at each slot when we examine the \c FtpWindow
70 implementation in the next section. We also make use of a few
73 \snippet examples/network/qftp/ftpwindow.h 1
75 The \c isDirectory hash keeps a history of all entries explored on
76 the FTP server, and registers whether an entry represents a
77 directory or a file. We use the QFile object to download files
80 \section1 FtpWindow Class Implementation
82 We skip the \c FtpWindow constructor as it only contains code for
83 setting up the GUI, which is explained in other examples.
85 We move on to the slots, starting with \c connectOrDisconnect().
87 \snippet examples/network/qftp/ftpwindow.cpp 0
89 If \c ftp is already pointing to a QFtp object, we QFtp::Close its
90 FTP connection and delete the object it points to. Note that we do
91 not delete the object using standard C++ \c delete as we need it
92 to finish its abort operation.
95 \snippet examples/network/qftp/ftpwindow.cpp 1
97 If we get here, \c connectOrDisconnect() was called to establish a
98 new FTP connection. We create a new QFtp for our new connection,
99 and connect its signals to slots in \c FtpWindow. The
100 \l{QFtp::}{listInfo()} signal is emitted whenever information
101 about a single file on the sever has been resolved. This signal is
102 sent when we ask QFtp to \l{QFtp::}{list()} the contents of a
103 directory. Finally, the \l{QFtp::}{dataTransferProgress()} signal
104 is emitted repeatedly during an FTP file transfer, giving us
107 \snippet examples/network/qftp/ftpwindow.cpp 2
109 The \gui {Ftp Server} line edit contains the IP address or
110 hostname of the server to which we want to connect. We first check
111 that the URL is a valid FTP sever address. If it isn't, we still
112 try to connect using the plain text in \c ftpServerLineEdit. In
113 either case, we assume that port \c 21 is used.
115 If the URL does not contain a user name and password, we use
116 QFtp::login(), which will attempt to log into the FTP sever as an
117 anonymous user. The QFtp object will now notify us when it has
118 connected to the FTP server; it will also send a signal if it
119 fails to connect or the username and password were rejected.
121 We move on to the \c downloadFile() slot:
123 \snippet examples/network/qftp/ftpwindow.cpp 3
125 \snippet examples/network/qftp/ftpwindow.cpp 4
127 We first fetch the name of the file, which we find in the selected
128 item of \c fileList. We then start the download by using
129 QFtp::get(). QFtp will send progress signals during the download
130 and a signal when the download is completed.
132 \snippet examples/network/qftp/ftpwindow.cpp 5
134 QFtp supports canceling the download of files. We make sure that
135 any file that is currently being written to is closed and removed,
136 and tidy up by deleting the file object.
138 \snippet examples/network/qftp/ftpwindow.cpp 6
140 The \c ftpCommandFinished() slot is called when QFtp has
141 finished a QFtp::Command. If an error occurred during the
142 command, QFtp will set \c error to one of the values in
143 the QFtp::Error enum; otherwise, \c error is zero.
145 \snippet examples/network/qftp/ftpwindow.cpp 7
147 After login, the QFtp::list() function will list the top-level
148 directory on the server. addToList() is connected to
149 QFtp::listInfo(), and will be invoked for each entry in that
152 \snippet examples/network/qftp/ftpwindow.cpp 8
154 When a \l{QFtp::}{Get} command is finished, a file has finished
155 downloading (or an error occurred during the download).
157 \snippet examples/network/qftp/ftpwindow.cpp 9
159 After a \l{QFtp::}{List} command is performed, we have to check if
160 no entries were found (in which case our \c addToList() function
161 would not have been called).
163 Let's continue with the \c addToList() slot:
165 \snippet examples/network/qftp/ftpwindow.cpp 10
167 When a new file has been resolved during a QFtp::List command,
168 this slot is invoked with a QUrlInfo describing the file. We
169 create a separate row for the file in \c fileList. If \c fileList
170 does not have a current item, we set the new item to be the
173 \snippet examples/network/qftp/ftpwindow.cpp 11
175 The \c processItem() slot is called when an item is double clicked
176 in the \gui {File List}. If the item represents a directory, we
177 want to load the contents of that directory with QFtp::list().
179 \snippet examples/network/qftp/ftpwindow.cpp 12
181 \c cdToParent() is invoked when the user requests to go to the
182 parent directory of the one displayed in the file list. After
183 changing the directory, we QFtp::List its contents.
185 \snippet examples/network/qftp/ftpwindow.cpp 13
187 The \c updateDataTransferProgress() slot is called regularly by
188 QFtp::dataTransferProgress() when a file download is in progress.
189 We use a QProgressDialog to show the download progression to the
192 \snippet examples/network/qftp/ftpwindow.cpp 14
194 The \c enableDownloadButton() is called whenever the current item
195 in \c fileList changes. If the item represents a file, the \gui
196 {Enable Download} Button should be enabled; otherwise, it is